Researchers in the Netherlands studied over 3,000 children aged 4–7 and asked their parents about learning challenges. They compared two groups: mothers who started folic acid before conception and continued through the first three months of pregnancy, versus mothers who started only after finding out they were pregnant.
The study asked a straightforward question: does when mum begins taking folic acid affect how her child learns later on?
Early folic acid linked to better maths skills—but the effect is modest
Children whose mothers started folic acid only after the first trimester showed slightly higher chances of having difficulty with maths and calculating. However, there were no differences between the groups in concentration, reading ability, or overall school performance. The researchers stress this is not proof that late folic acid causes maths problems. The study relied on mothers remembering when they started supplements—memories that are often unclear—and other unmeasured factors could explain the pattern.
Planning ahead gives the best protection
In Singapore, where prenatal care is thorough and most mothers take folic acid, this research is a useful reminder of why timing matters. The evidence suggests the safest approach is starting folic acid during the planning stage, before conception, rather than waiting until pregnancy is confirmed. For many Singapore families, pregnancies are carefully planned, which means you have the advantage of preparing your body ahead of time. This is especially relevant in households where family planning conversations happen early.
Don't over-worry—this is one small piece of the puzzle
This study looked at parent-reported learning challenges, not formal diagnoses, and the association with maths was quite modest. Many factors influence how children learn—nutrition, sleep, home environment, and genetics all play roles. The research isn't suggesting that late folic acid will dramatically harm your child's maths ability. It simply shows that starting before pregnancy appears to offer a small additional benefit.
Simple steps to support your child's development
- If you're planning to have children, start folic acid supplements now rather than waiting to discover you're pregnant (0.4–0.8 mg daily).
- Continue folic acid through at least the first trimester to give your baby the best protection during early brain development.
- Remember that folic acid is one piece of the puzzle—good nutrition, sleep, and a supportive home environment matter just as much for your child's learning.